A virtual copy of one patient’s heart, built from their data and the laws of physiology. What the 2020 paper argues, and what it admits.

For some children, the signal that says enough never arrives. Here is the peptide built to switch it back on, and why it only works for a few rare causes.

Most GLP-1 medicines are taken every day or every week. Here is how scientists built one that is being tested once a month.

Every GLP-1 medicine used to be a peptide. Here is how chemists built a small molecule that does the same job.

For a hundred years, peptide medicines had to be injected. Here is how one finally made it through the stomach.

Every time your pancreas releases insulin, it releases a second hormone. Meet amylin, and what the newest trials found.

Glucagon raises blood sugar, so why put it in a weight medicine? The story of the third voice, and what the newest trials found.

Your gut sends two insulin messages after a meal. One was written off for years. Here is how it came back as half of a single molecule.

A medicine made for blood sugar turned out to change hunger. The rats in London, the lunch in Copenhagen, the STEP trials, the honest part and two ideas you can use.

Our own GLP-1 lasts a minute or two. Liraglutide lasts about 13 hours, and semaglutide about a week. The trick was a protein already in our blood. The full story, the honest part and two ideas you can use.

Your own GLP-1 lasts a minute or two. A peptide in Gila monster venom lasts for hours. The story of exendin-4, from a 1982 venom experiment to a 2005 medicine, with the honest part and two ideas you can use.

On October 9, 2026, Oncopeptides reported that its drug melflufen was found inside the brain tumors of the first three patients in a small Oslo study. Here is what that means, what it does not, and the questions worth asking.

In 1983, a chemist looked at a printout of a gene and saw what others had missed. The story of GLP-1, from a 1964 puzzle to three labs in 1987, with the honest part and two ideas you can use.

In 1972 two scientists sketched a plan on deli napkins. Ten years later, bacteria were making human insulin, the first medicine made with recombinant DNA. The story, the honest part, and three ideas you can use.

Two rival labs worked through millions of sheep and pig brains to decode the hormones your brain sends your pituitary. The race, the physicist who learned to measure them, today's medicines and their limits, and three ideas you can use.

In 1959 Bruce Merrifield spent 11 months building a chain of five amino acids. His fix, a tiny resin bead, turned every step into a rinse and won the 1984 Nobel Prize. The story, the honest limits, and two ideas you can use.

A new breakout, a two month wait, and now an app that can write the first prescription. What Utah allowed on October 5, 2026, how the AI picks a cream, the real guardrails, the honest limits, and four things you can do.

The nurse taps your arm and says, let's try the other side. On August 19, 2026, the FDA authorized a robot to take that turn. How it works, what the evidence shows, the honest limits, and four things you can do at your next blood draw.

In 1922 Elizabeth Hughes trusted her life to insulin, a medicine nobody could describe. In 1955 Fred Sanger read it, letter by letter: 51 amino acids in one exact order. The story, the honest limits, and two ideas you can use.

In 1953 Vincent du Vigneaud’s team built oxytocin, the first peptide hormone made by chemists. In new mothers it could not be told apart from the real hormone. The story, the honest limits, and two ideas you can use.